Ancient Ruins You Can Visit in Central & South America

Steep yourself in the unknown, and go see the greatest ruins of the Maya and Inca world. Set deep in protected jungles or high in the Andes, these are the best Central and South American ruins.

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The sites at a glance

  • Tikal (Guatemala): a major Maya city where temples rise above a protected rainforest
  • Caracol (Belize): a powerful Maya city in the deep jungle of northwestern Belize
  • Copán (Honduras): a Maya site celebrated for its finely carved stelae and ceremonial architecture
  • Machu Picchu (Peru): a 15th-century Inca estate set on a ridge in the Andes
  • El Mirador (Guatemala): a vast Lowland Maya complex deep in the Petén rainforest
  • Yaxhá (Guatemala): a Maya site where jade-colored lakes fill the plazas
  • Palenque and Chichén Itzá (Mexico): two of the most celebrated Maya cities in Mexico
  • Kuélap and Choquequirao (Peru): a highland citadel of the Chachapoya people and a remote Inca mountain town
  • Caral (Peru): a pre-ceramic city of earthen pyramids on the Supe River plain
  • Ingapirca (Ecuador): a Cañari-Inca site of circular stone structures in the Andean highlands

Kuélap reopened after a wall collapse in April 2022 and now takes up to 432 visitors a day by reservation. The Tren Maya train now serves Palenque (since December 2023) and Chichén Itzá (since February 2024).

Are there pyramids in South America?

Yes. Peru's pyramids include Caral, the Huacas del Sol y de la Luna near Trujillo, and Túcume. These pre-Columbian earthen and adobe mounds predate the Inca and still stand as some of the oldest monuments in the hemisphere.

Central and South American Ruins Image: A dramatic pyramid overwhelms a small village in a valley.

Prepare to visit the past when you explore these Central and South American ruins.

There is much more to see than history when you explore Central and South American ruins. On your hikes to these destinations, you’ll see plants and animals that only live in these rarefied environments. With an experienced guide, you can learn how these bygone peoples lived off the lands.

Many of these civilizations have no written records left: everything has been either lost or destroyed. Because of this, scholars have very little idea of what purpose many of these ruins served. But there’s no wonder about why you should visit. Each of the following ruins has an incredible setting and a fascinating history.

1. Lamanai Temple, Belize

Your voyage to Lamanai begins with a cruise down the New River. Along the way, you have a good chance of seeing crocodiles lolling on the banks, or stealthily blinking from the surface of the water. Lamanai is the Maya word for “submerged crocodile.”

Central and South American Ruins Image: An oversized statue of a face is carved into a larger structure.

It's not every day that there is a relic waiting to greet you.

Archeologists have uncovered evidence that the Maya began constructing Lamanai as early as 1500 BC. Lamanai has four large temples, some of which hide royal tombs. You’ll also see a ball court, which is a central feature of Maya sites. At the Temple of the Mask, you’ll see enormous carvings of masked faces. One of the masks is a fearsome, stylized crocodile.

Central and South American Ruins Image: A group of people is dwarfed by a pyramidical structure in the background, and the surrounding forest.

Pyramidical structures aren't only found in Egypt.

Central and South American Ruins Image: A group of travellers celebrates having reached the top of the temple. Whilst a couple admires them, and considers making the walk themselves.

To walk the steps of this temple is to walk in the footsteps of time itself.

You can climb the steps of the temple to survey the sea of jungle foliage. Take a few deep breaths. You can’t get much closer to the ancient Maya than this.

Learn more: Lamanai Archaeological Site on Anywhere.

Is exploring Central and South American ruins the end of one adventure, or the beginning of another?

2. Tikal, Guatemala

Many miles of protected rainforest surrounds the ruins of Tikal. This is an extremely sought-out area for birders, and a handful of extremely rare species call Tikal National Park home. For a chance to see some of these species at their most active, plan to go on an early-morning tour.

Central and South American Ruins Image: Three structures are poking their architectural heads above the canopy. We see an opening in at least one of them.

The way this structure is built above the canopy almost makes it reminiscent of modern-day observatories.

The most famous of Tikal’s temples surround a grassy area known as the Great Plaza. This part of Tikal imparts a sense of the glory of the Maya heyday. All of the temples have stepped facades, and visitors can climb to the top of the temples that are deemed sturdy enough by archeologists. The Maya occupied Tikal for well over a thousand years, but most of the major construction booms occurred between the 2nd and 7th centuries AD.

LiDAR surveys published in 2018 by the PACUNAM foundation mapped more than 60,000 hidden Maya houses, palaces and raised highways around Tikal, showing the region was far more densely settled than archaeologists believed.

At 230 feet (70 m) tall, the Temple of the Double-Headed Serpent is the tallest temple at the site.

Central and South American Ruins Image: One of Tikal's structures is reaching past the jungle canopy and into the sky.

Whether you climb or observe the Central and South American ruins on this list from the ground, you are sure you to collect amazing memories every step of the way.

The Temple of the Great Jaguar (Temple I) served as a tomb for a powerful Maya king. This is one of the temples that visitors can no longer climb, but it’s just as awe-inspiring to look at from the ground.

The same king that commissioned the Temple of the Great Jaguar built the Temple of the Mask (Temple II) for his wife. You can climb to the top and have a view of the jungle that originally belonged to the Maya elite.

Learn more: Tikal Archaeological Site on Anywhere

3. Machu Picchu, Peru

Machu Picchu is one of the crowning glories of the Inca empire. You’ll also hear it called a “lost city,” although scholars now believe it probably served as a fiefdom for a single Inca lord. (And it wasn’t lost. Westerners just hadn’t heard of it before the explorer Hiram Bingham publicized its existence in the early 20th century.) On a tour of this 15-century ruin, you’ll see temples, tombs, and fountains.

Central and South American Ruins Image: A beautiful view of Machu Picchu reveals this Central and South American ruin to be a vision of green and brown mountains, a grey aged village, and a blue sky dappled with white clouds.

Machu Picchu is absolutely breathtaking, and not just because it's high up in the Andes.

Many visitors to Machu Picchu choose to follow the 4-day trail originally built by the Inca. At the zenith of the hike, you’ll arrive at Inti Punku, “the Sun Gate.” This portal overlooks the ruins, at the top of a path that blooms with orchids.

Central and South American Ruins Image: Travellers are staggered on different levels of a ruin at Machu Picchu. At the top most level, a woman wearing a backpack is poised to take a photograph.

Do take photographs when you visit Machu Picchu, but don't forget to put down the camera once in a while and admire it the old-fashioned way.

Central and South American Ruins Image: Two women have their backs to us. They are wearing colourful skirts, and are carrying equally colourful bundles on their backs as they walk down an incline in the Andes.

If a visit to the Andean mountain range seems a bit harsh, remember that some people call them home.

You can also arrive at Machu Picchu via a scenic train ride, complete with live music and gourmet meals.

In order to visit Machu Picchu, you must purchase tickets well in advance. Speak with a friendly Anywhere travel consultant for expert guidance on how to visit Machu Picchu.

Since June 2024 you visit Machu Picchu on an assigned circuit with a timed entry; daily capacity is capped (about 4,500 in low season and 5,600 in high season), and tickets are sold only through the official site, tuboleto.cultura.pe. From 2026 an Inca Trail permit no longer includes the Machu Picchu entry ticket.

Learn more: Machu Picchu Archaeological Site on Anywhere

Plan a visit to Machu Picchu Archaeological Site in Peru

4. Caracol, Belize

Beautiful Belize closes out our list of Central and South American ruins. When you visit the Maya site of Caracol, you’ll be near an ongoing excavation. Visitors can only see part of the site: archeologists are busy uncovering Maya artifacts right around the corner.

Central and South American Ruins Image: Belize's ancient city is a series of timeworn and muted greys, juxtaposed by green lawns, and jungle trees. A blue sky and white clouds complete the scene.

Belize is home to great snorkeling, and ancient cities.

The Maya began construction of this city around 1,200 BC. Caracol was a powerful city, with a long history of triumphant victories. Caracol even defeated the great Maya city of Tikal in battle, which is just across the Guatemalan border. Maya scholars gathered this information from the hieroglyphs carved into Caracol’s temple walls and ball court markers.

Central and South American Ruins Image: The steps of one of Belize's ancient structures in the midst of the jungle.

When everyone else is on the beach, you can have an adventure in the Belizean jungle!

You can’t miss the tower of Caana. This is the skyscraper of the Belizean Maya, and at 139-foot (41 m), it’s also the tallest structure in modern Belize.

Central and South American Ruins Image: An aerial view of one of the ancient city's prominent structures. It appears to be placed in the middle of the jungle, apart from some of the other city structures.

This aerial view shows just how beautiful stone, simple architecture, and the greenery of the jungle can be.

Learn more: Caracol Maya Temples on Anywhere

Plan your trip: Guatemala archaeology vacations · Belize archaeology vacations · Tikal and Maya ruins tours · Peru vacations · El Mirador · Yaxhá · Chachapoyas · Mexico

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