Bwindi Impenetrable Park covers 32,092 ha and is one of the largest areas East Africa that still has Afromontane lowerland forests. It extends well into the montane forest belt. The property, which is located at the Albertine Rift Valley's eastern edge, is believed to be a Pleistocene refugee. It is also a biodiversity hotspot that has possibly the highest number of tree species in East Africa for its altitude.

It also hosts a diverse fauna, including many endemic butterflies, and one of Africa's richest mammal assemblages. The property is home to nearly half the world's mountain gorilla populations. It also serves as a conservation frontline. This forest, which is isolated and rich in biological diversity, is surrounded by an agricultural landscape that supports one of the highest rural population density in tropical Africa. The only way to ensure the future conservation of this site is through community benefits and ecotourism.